Not directly affected, but certainly indirectly affected.
You should look to see what occurred in the aviation industry and specifically those employed by air carriers. Nearly all of the major air carriers existent in 1990 had defined benefit pension programs. With maybe a couple of exceptions those programs all went by the way by 2010 as all but one of the airlines declared bankruptcy and jettisoned their unfunded pension programs on to the PBGC. I have known way too many people who worked 20, 30, even 40 years for a single carrier only to find out that their pension was going to be 10% of what was promised.
The above is the dark underbelly of poorly done deregulation in a highly regulated industry. It is also what occurs when the bankruptcy code permits insolvent businesses to compete against others with protection of the courts.
ETA: Now back to affirmative action...
You should look to see what occurred in the aviation industry and specifically those employed by air carriers. Nearly all of the major air carriers existent in 1990 had defined benefit pension programs. With maybe a couple of exceptions those programs all went by the way by 2010 as all but one of the airlines declared bankruptcy and jettisoned their unfunded pension programs on to the PBGC. I have known way too many people who worked 20, 30, even 40 years for a single carrier only to find out that their pension was going to be 10% of what was promised.
The above is the dark underbelly of poorly done deregulation in a highly regulated industry. It is also what occurs when the bankruptcy code permits insolvent businesses to compete against others with protection of the courts.
ETA: Now back to affirmative action...