Going to start reloading 40 S&W and checked 113 cases found 15 that were .845-.847 the rest were .837-.844.The book said it needs to be .845-.850, this is once fired brass, most of it is winchester. Would it not be .845-.850 from the factory?
Once fired brass will usually be a bit shorter, depending upon how much the diameter was allowed to expand in the chamber. The action of resizing will bring the length back up. In rifle (bottleneck) cartridges this can actually lead to thinning of the brass at the base.